International Conference on Physical Education, Sports Medicine and Doping Studies August 8-9, 2018 Osaka, Japan

Biography:

Helen Julia Lavelle has completed her MCSP and MSc. She is an experienced Physiotherapist who has worked in Elite Sport at the highest level. She has worked in premiership rugby and cricket in the UK before her current role in rowing. She has lectured on many occasions both nationally and internationally and is best known for her work in knee rehabilitation. She has recently presented at the MAT fest conference on meniscal allograft transplantation and the national exhibition centre in Birmingham- rehabilitation post ACL reconstruction.

Abstract:

This paper reviews the latest hypotheses concerning the aetiology of rib injury and proposes reasoned prevention strategies. In addition to it, it explains a structured method to assess the severity of the lesion and therefore the likely period of interrupted training. Rib pain constitutes a major cause of training and competition days lost. It may afflict any rower but is a common injury in athletes training for more than seven sessions a week and can result in long periods of lay off. Rib pain lies within a continuum with an occult stress fracture needing 6 to 12 weeks to heal adequately to withstand intensive training whereas a minor periosteal reaction may settle in just a few days. The Cambridge protocol assessment tool helps the clinician determine the severity of the lesion and therefore how long the rower may need to recuperate. The Cambridge protocol guides the medical team looking after these patients through techniques to keep the athlete fit whilst unable to train fully and then a careful graduated return to normal training and competition. The paper will also review the issue of bone density and the evidence to support the use of Exogen (ultra sound bone stimulation) and spinal logic (electromagnetic energy) to accelerate bone healing and improve bone density.

Biography:

Mariam A Ameer has completed her PhD in Biomechanics in 2013 from Cairo University, College of Physical Therapy, Biomechanics Department. After her graduation, she had worked in different fields in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, which includes teaching, private clinic and sports field. Her main field of interest is sports injuries and motion analysis. She is also highly enthusiastic to enhance her research activities and improve her communication skills by interacting with researchers, experts and professionals around the globe.

Abstract:

Background & Aim: Knee and ankle joints are often stressed in the landing phase of single leg-jump with increasing of the knee flexion angle, causing several injuries. The main aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the peak knee flexion angle and knee-ankle varus stress in the landing phase of single-leg jump from running.

Methodology: 15 male handball players from the first Saudi Arabian handball team have been engaged in this study. Each player performed a single leg-jump-land after running a fixed distance of 450 cm. The data was measured using a 3D motion analysis system. The maximum knee flexion angle, knee varus angle, center of pressure pathway in the medio-lateral direction and ankle varus moment were detected.

Results: Person product moment correlation reveal that greater knee flexion angle is related to greater lateral displacement of the center of pressure (r=0.794, P<0.01), greater ankle varus moment (r=0.707, P<0.01) and greater knee varus angle (r=0.753, P<0.01). In addition, more ankle varus moment is also related to the greater lateral displacement of the center of pressure (r=0.734, P<0.01).

Conclusion: These findings may help physical therapists and conditioning professionals to know the impact of increasing knee flexion angle on the lower limb joints and to develop training protocols to enhance the lateral body reaction during landing phase to protect the knee and ankle joints from excessive varus stresses.

Recent Publications

1. Mariam A Ameer, Mohamed E Khallaf (2017) Effect of treadmill gait training on diplegic children swing phase gait parameters. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research; 5(1): 1829-35.

2. Mohamed E Khallaf, Mariam A Ameer (2017) Effect of wrist-fingers extension splint and task specific training on hand joints range of motion and function after stroke. Journal of NeuroRehabilitation; 41(2):437-444.

Biography:

Jo Brown has her expertise in swimming and other overhead athlete injuries, understanding their aetiology, progression and rehabilitation. She is passionate about decreasing shoulder injury in swimmers particularly young swimmers, strengthening and understanding the link between sports science and the clinic.

Abstract:

Abnormal scapulothoracic mechanics and scapulohumeral rhythm are implicated in shoulder pathologies, including glenohumeral impingement and rotator cuff tears. Upward scapula rotation, specifically asymmetry of scapula motion and associations of patterns through range with injury, was investigated in dominant and non-dominant limbs of nationally ranked junior and paralympic swimmers during competition season. The static and throughout phases measures of upward scapula rotation were: Phase I (start position, 45”), Phase II (45” to 90”), Phase III (90” to 135”) and Phase IV (135” to max). Injury was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Differences between side (dominant and non-dominant), group (junior and paralympic) and phase were examined. Significant differences (P<0.05) between groups were identified for dominant side at rest, 45” and 135” and in phases II and IV (including range). Scapulohumeral rhythm was higher in the non-dominant limb of paralympic swimmers but in the dominant limb of junior swimmers. Greatest differences in upward rotation between injured and non-injured swimmers were found in Phase 1:43.6% (3.3”) paralympic; 73.1% (8”) junior. Results suggested that the asymmetry of movement in both limbs, through all phases and at single points in range, should be investigated for assessing injury and developing preventive strategies and rehabilitation protocols.

Figure-1: Comparison of phases of upward rotation between dominant and non-dominant limbs for junior and paralympic swimmers. * and ^ indicates significant differences between groups with matching symbols (P<0.05).

Recent Publications

1. Fagher K, Lexell J (2014) Sports-related injuries in athletes with disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports; 24: e320-e331.

2. Magno e Silva M, Bilzon J, Duarte E, Gorla J, Vital R (2013) Sport injuries in elite paralympic swimmers with visual impairment. Journal of Athletic Training; 48: 493-498.

Biography:

Jose Garcia Romero has been a Certified Massage Therapist for 10 years and is also a Certified Instructor by the National Board of Massage since 2017. Currently he is working at a physical therapy and pain clinic in Las Vegas. He is also an Inventor with a focus on creating products that enhance the physical therapy world, as well. Over the last several years, he has invented the power of one belt, the rehab box and the Romero brackets with adjustable facilitation bands. He has research and the body stemmed from being an athlete all of his life coupled with 20 years of coaching experience in football, soccer and softball. It was through this work that he then developed a passion for aiding athletes in their recovery from injuries and helping them return to an active, healthy and pain free life.

Abstract:

Being a massage therapist who specializes in sports rehabilitation, I realized that when an athlete obtains an injury, they don’t necessarily want to heal completely; the goal of the athlete is simply to get to a tolerable level of pain that allows them to return to the field or court, as soon as possible. This realization helped me to develop the Romero brackets with adjustable facilitation and the Romero technique that increases the pace at which an athlete can come back from injury. The Romero bracket with adjustable facilitation is a modality consisting of four brackets that attach to the sides of a massage table. The brackets each have an attached adjustable facilitation band with a strap on the end that goes around each of the client’s wrists and ankles. The adjustable facilitation bands facilitate muscle manipulation and create a kinetic chain movement by adding resistance to the different positions the therapist puts the athlete in. In return, the therapist’s hands are left free to isolate individual muscles, break down scar tissue and release the muscles quicker and more efficiently. My invention and technique stem from my experience in sports massage and a methodology based in kinetic movement and active release. By combining the principles of static stretching with the different elements of sports massage, the Romero brackets increase range of motion and flexibility quicker than if the client was just stretching or just receiving a massage. Using terms like open and close allows the athlete to work with the therapist in changing positions while the therapist focuses on releasing the muscles. Ultimately, the Romero bracket with adjustable facilitation is a new modality that will decrease pain, increase range of motion and allow athletes and clients to return to their daily activities quicker.

Biography:

Kwan-Hwa Lin has completed BPT from National Taiwan University and PhD in Physiology and Biophysics from University of Kentucky, USA. Her expertise is in neurological physical therapy, especially in the field of Parkinson disease, spinal cord injuries and the elderly. She is in charge of a Human Motion and Behavior Analysis Laboratory in Tzu Chi University, and has several studies and publications related to gait analysis and motor control. She has received several research grants from government, i.e., The Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan and the results include new inventory patents. She has written the book “Neurological Physical Therapy” in Chinese in 2012 and won “Who’s Who in Asia 2012”.

Abstract:

Introduction: Multi-Sensory Stimulation (MSS), previously known as snoezelen, is usually provided to stimulate the senses through the provision of un-patterned visual, auditory, olfactory and tactile stimuli in a leisure room for people with learning disabilities. Preliminary investigations have suggested that MSS is beneficial for improving cognition, life of quality in people with dementia. However, one leisure room requires large space with sensory modalities which can be expensive. In this study, a portable recliner with MSS was developed.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to record the brain activity before and after MSS in persons with dementia.

Method: Six old persons living in the long-term care facilitate with mild to moderate dementia were recruited. The participants were arranged individually to sit on a recliner for 10 minutes. The chair was equipped with music-induced vibration for tactile stimulation and music-induced optic fibers lightening for visual stimulation. The 14-lead Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before, during and after MSS. The EEG was analyzed by time-frequency Fourier transform. The α-wave (8~12 Hz), β-wave (12~30 Hz), θ-wave (4~8 Hz) and δ-wave (0.5~4 Hz) were quantified. The nonparametric Wilcoxon-signed rank test was performed.

Results: The energy of α, β and θ waves especially in frontal-temporal lobes increased significantly after MSS.

Conclusion & Significance: This was a pilot study and the preliminary data indicated that the frontal-temporal activities increased immediately after MSS. After musical vibration, the increase inαwave might increase relaxation. The increase in β wave might increase attention to environmental stimulation. Furthermore, the increase in θ wave might be related to subconscious mood change after MSS. Therefore, the change in the brain activities with MSS might be beneficial for persons with mild dementia.

Biography:

John Tan is currently a Senior Lecturer in Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education (NIE) an institution of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) of Singapore. He has a Doctoral degree in Sports Biomechanics from Loughborough University. His areas of research are in kinematic video analysis, jumps golf swing; movement and gait analysis. He is currently a Member of Singapore armed forces’ fitness advisory board and an Associate Lecturer with SUSS. He has also been invited by the Philippine association for sport and exercise sciences as an Invited Speaker to their annual conference in 2013, 2014 and 2016 to Lecture in various topics on PE and sports biomechanics.

Abstract:

It is believed that the flat and high arched feet are structurally mal-aligned and exhibit gait deviations compared to normal arched feet. These deviations are believed to be the precursors to running related foot injuries. However, current literature investigating the relation between foot structure and running gait pattern have been inconclusive. We hypothesized that good functional foot stability can reduce these gait deviations; thereby reduce the risk of running related foot injuries. The effect of foot structure and functional stability on running gait pattern of the foot has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of functional foot stability on running gait pattern. 69 subjects (age=30.6±7.29) who were asymptomatic had their foot structure and functional foot stability assessed. The foot structures were assessed with foot posture index scores and the foot stability with modified Romberg’s test. Kinematic and kinetic running gait variables (such as rear foot eversion, mid foot dorsiflexion, maximum vertical ground reaction force and loading rate) were recorded while subjects ran barefooted on an instrumented treadmill. The results showed that foot with higher foot posture index scores (more flat-footed) ran with greater rear foot eversion, mid foot dorsiflexion and weight acceptance rate whereas, foot with better foot stability ran with lower rear foot eversion.

Recent Publications

1. Ho M and Tan J (2015) The effect of taping on foot structure, functional foot stability and running gait patterns of the foot. Journal of Sports Science; http://www.davidpublishing.com, 3: 1-12.

2. Kim W, Joao F, Tan J, Mota P, Vleck V, Aguiar L and Veloso A (2013) The natural shock absorption of the leg spring. Journal of Biomechanics; 46(1): 129-136.

3. Wangdo Kim, John Tan, Antonio Veloso, Veronica Vleck, Arkady S Voloshin (2011) The natural frequency of the foot-surface cushion during the stance phase of running. Journal of Biomechanics; 44(4): 774-779.

Biography:

Tiwari Ashutosh has competed BPT from Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India in 2009. He has completed MD in Integrative Medicine from Indian Institute of Alternative Medicine, Kolkata, India in 2012. He was trained at F I Hospital Lucknow and Santosh Medical College Ghaziabad. He is a Certified Manual Therapist and Research Fellow in Rural Health in Alternative Medicine. He was a coauthor of many research papers for international academies. He has presented many research papers in national conferences in India. He is dealing with spine and arthritis patients and has special interest to treat children with disabilities. He has founded Indian United Trust for social welfare activities in 2009. He is a well-known person to be engaged in social welfare in the society.

Abstract:

Aside from common cold, backache is our leading public health problem, well defined conditions as well as symptoms for which no specific treatment available. Acute back pain is most common among sports person. Prevention is more favorable even without comprehensive assessment and treatment. Most of sports person may resume their normal sporting activity within 1 or 2 weeks. The prevalence of backache varies from sport to sport. In weightlifting nearly every elite athlete affected annually whereas other such as other athlete such as runners, rarely have back trouble while swimmers are 30 to 40% and skiers 60%. A Swedish epidemiological study that included soccer and tennis players, wrestlers and gymnast revealed that 50 to 85% of the athletes had experienced back pain. Radiographic changes were seen in 36 to 55% of the athletes depending on their sports. The prevalence of spondylolysis among wrestlers was five times more than in general population. The causes may be different person to person and sport to sport. But some common factors are listed here as: Shortening of muscles; over use, stress and stretch; frequency of forward bending, extension and torsion; repeated loading; lifting weight or partners many times; loading during growth period; sudden strong muscle contraction; poor posture; hamstring pull or strain; sciatica; groin pull; hip flexor strain; facet joint arthritis; spondylolysi; spondylisthesis; PIVD; traumatic injury or fracture; osteoporosis and degenerative disorders; sport injury; nutritional facts; and hyperlaxity syndrome. Diagnosis should be immediate and correct to prevent more future problems. If it is affecting more than a week we should be careful for it and go through further physical examination and if we are crossing more than two week then we should go through comprehensive examination and supplemental examinations like: (1) MRI: For full evaluation of spine and spinal cord with identification of particular issue as stenosis, lysthesis, black disks and other pathology; (2) CT scan: To examine the facet joints and useful in radiating pain; (3) X-ray: For identification of degenerative disorders, and anatomical symmetry; (4) Skeletal Scintigraphy: For clarification of malignancy and stress fractures; and (5) Diskography: Useful in disk related pain. Treatment is different and depends on person to person and causes of problem. It has a very wide range of choice as rest, medication, physical therapy and nutrition therapy, braces and belts. The preventive formula is the best way to ensure the good sport life. As a prevention or routine workout for our back care athletes should follow strategies: (1) Proper and correct stretching as hamstring, groin, IT band, quadriceps, calf and back flexors and extensors prior to sport and post sport rest; (2) strengthening of back and abdomen; (3) maintain correct posture during sport as don’t over bend or extend; (4) avoid direct hit with person or object; (5) proper water intake prior and post sport activity, to maintain aerobic and anaerobic capacity; (6) warm-up; (7) maintain deal weight; (8) plenty of sleep and rest; (9) proper techniques to weight lift and perform sport activity; and (10) fit emotionally and focused to avoid any kind of issue and injury or backache.

Biography:

Iftikhar Ahmad Saifi has completed his Bachelor’s degree in Unani Medicine and Surgery (BUMS), India. He is the Registered Unani Medicine Doctor, Ayush, Ministry of Health (MOH), India. He is the Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND), USA. He is the Member of Examination Board, Department of Licensure for TCAM, Ministry of Health (MOH), UAE for more than 8 years. He has been awarded with the highly prestigious Ibn Sina (Avicenna) international award for excellence in Unani (Greek) Medicine, India (2018).

Abstract:

Wet cupping is a form of bloodletting that involves first making superficial incisions on the skin, then applying the suction cups to suck out small amount of blood. It is the application performed to draw out stagnant, congested blood and vital force, as well as other stagnant or morbid humors. Cupping therapy is an incredibly ancient and universal practice that spans both east and west. In the east, the Chinese have been practicing the art of cupping for at least 3,000 years. Cupping is applied to the acupuncture points to relieve the stagnation of Qi and blood, both locally and in the organ(s) activated by the point. Traditional healers have long recognized the association between pain and conditions of congestion, stagnation and blockage. An old Chinese medical maxim states: Where there’s stagnation, there will be pain. Remove the stagnation and you remove the pain. Not only pain, but the vast majority of all illness and disease including a number of psychiatric conditions come from stagnation, congestion and blockage of energy, like the vital force or of vital fluids or humors, like blood, phlegm or lymph. The suction applied by cupping sucks out and breaks up that congestion, stagnation or blockage, restoring a free flow to the vital energies and humors of the organism. After falling out of favor with medicine in the modern era, cupping therapy is enjoying resurgence in popularity, promoted by acupuncturists, Unani (Greek) medicine physicians and other holistic healthcare practitioners. New and exciting variations on this ancient technique, like cupping massage are also being developed. One secret of cupping’s perennial popularity is its great ability to promote a state of deep pleasure and profound relaxation. Hopefully, cupping is here to stay.

Biography:

Charen Rabe from St. Dominic College of Asia, Philippines

Abstract:

Introduction: Memory foam molds to the body in response to heat and pressure, distributing body weight evenly. It conforms to the body and distributes the weight in way that allows the entire body to be supported. The shoe insole is removable shoes insert that is worn in a shoe for warmth to improve the fit. Foot pain is a condition due to inflammation involving any of the bones, ligaments or tendons in the foot and also due to prolong standing and walking. The utilization of Memory Foam Insole (MFI) as a shoe modification for people suffering for foot pain, when using it as an insoles it returns to its original shapes when you apply a force since its elastic and quickly molds to your unique contours. Your weight distribution on your foot speed more evenly and the pressure is relieved on places as well.

Objective: To decrease foot pain for athletes that engage in track and field events improve performance and prevent further foot debilitating condition that hinder their activities of daily livings.

Methodology: The method used is true-experimental and purposive sampling. The T-test is used to test the significant difference between two variable means. The first group will be wearing the (MFI) as insole the second group used an Ordinary Foam Insole (OFI) and both groups also use regular Commercially Available Insoles (CAI) for another 10 days for atleast four hours a day. The collection of data is done every other day. The researchers use the Modified Foot Function Index (MFFI) for evaluation of foot pain.

Results: The MFFI demonstrates that MFI, OFI and CAI has mean average of 1.5, 1.95 and 2.12, respectively with the one-tailed critical t-value of 1.83 at a 0.05 level of significance and a degree of freedom of 9.

Conclusion: There is a significant difference on using the MFI to CAI with a T-stat values for foot pain (2.43), therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and for MFI as to OFI a T-stat value of foot pain (1.71). The null hypothesis is accepted. This shows evidence that MFI is effective in decreasing foot pain as to CAI.

Biography:

Abhishek Deo has his expertise in sports performance enhancement and passion in improving the overall standard of sports medicine. He has handled some of India’s and World’s top most athletes on numerous occasions and made them achieve the highest goals in their respective field. He has published his first book on conditioning strategies in Badminton followed with right nutrition in 2015. He has completed his PhD in Sports Performance Enhancement and Substituting Performance Drugs in December 2016. Currently he is teaching and guiding students about sports biomechanics, sports genetics, sports conditioning, etc. at the Institute of Global Education.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Sportsmen start working on speed at very late age resulting in slower twitch muscle fibers and causing lack of speed in their sport. Speed, not only during linear acceleration but during rotary movements as well, working on it in before puberty is one of the biggest plus in any sport which most of the coaches neglect to do in young ages. Thorough analysis in sports science show that the early you train athlete the better the results, considering their anatomical and physiological changes during puberty. To improve speed of any kind equal attention should be given on neuromuscular system from very young age. As scientifically structured speed exercises allow brain to rehearse the situation eventually adapting to it, which is often neglected. Another ignored area in most of the sports is change of velocity, which is very common in almost all sports where athletes attempt and reach to maximum acceleration from stationery or from partial momentum. No person can be can be naturally perfect for high level speed.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Numerous body types and physiological variations like height, weight and limb length were tested. Various tests for determining muscle fibers were done to check out factors affecting acceleration and speed.

Findings: Athletes who had started young were slightly heavier with the musculature and tall helping them to have increased stride length. These athletes were also perfect with their running biomechanics. One of the most important factors in generation of speed from muscle physiology was sensory receptors which gradually starts slowing down the reactive ability if not used early. Several other factors such as genetics also contributed in fast-twitch and slow twitch fiber percentages.

Conclusion & Significance: Athletes who start speed training in late age of their puberty cannot contribute much in sport. Recommendations for starting the speed training from early ages have been made which should be carried out with scientific plan and research.

Recent Publications

1. Physical Factors contributing in Badminton (2014).

2. Neglected conditioning strategies (2014).

Biography:

Jade Nicolette Chee Zhenhui has completed her Graduation from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor’s of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) in 2012 and is currently pursuing her Family Medicine Residency Training. She has a keen interest in Sports Medicine, a specialty she is hoping to pursue in time to come.

Abstract:

Introduction: Cheerleading injuries in the United States have been increasing steadily over the past few decades. The number of catastrophic injuries related to cheerleading has increased from 1.5 per year from 1982 to 1992 to 4.8 per year from 2003 to 2009. A detailed study with 9022 US cheerleaders from 412 teams was performed in 2009. Till date, no similar studies have been conducted to evaluate the rate, types and mechanisms involved in injuries sustained by the varsity cheerleading population in Singapore. This study evaluates injury statistics amongst our local Varsity cheerleading population, collating incidence of cheerleading injuries, and thereafter deriving methods to decrease the number and severity of injuries amongst Varsity cheerleaders in Singapore.

Methods: A total of 111 cheerleaders across 5 local cheerleading teams were recruited from 5 teams across Polytechnic, University, and Open teams which participated in the 2017 National Cheerleading Championships in Singapore. Participant exposure and injury data were collected. Results were analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.

Results: 76 (68.5%) cheerleaders described having sustained injuries from cheerleading. Of which, 66 (86.8%) sustained their injuries during cheerleading practice, while 10 (13.2%) were injured during cheerleading competitions. The most common mechanism of injury was from falling from a stunt (26.8%). Other mechanisms with high prevalence were injuries sustained while tumbling (18.3%), while basing (15.5%), as well as injuries which resulted from slipping/tripping/twisting a body part 15.5%). In particular, most injuries resulted from attempting pyramids (31.6%), running tumbling (26.3%) and partner stunts (22.8%). Sprains and/or tears constituted the highest number of injuries amongst respondents (57.7%) who sought medical attention.

Conclusion: The injury profile of cheerleaders in Singapore is similar to that in the US cheerleading population, with studies reporting that most US cheerleading injuries occurred during gymnastics maneuvers and partner stunts, and that partner stunts had been associated with the most catastrophic types of injuries. Guidelines for cheerleading coaching and practices in Singapore should be stepped up, and more targeted injury prevention strategies should be incorporated amongst our local cheerleading population to make cheerleading a safer sport in Singapore.

Biography:

I am Aarthi Nandagopal,a practising sport scientist with specific interest in the fields of sport nutrition and sport psychology. This has been my field of thesis submitted for graduation program.

I have done presentations in the national level conferences in the field of exercise physiology, sport psychology and sport nutrition at Indian Association of Sports Medicine and Sports Authority of India.

I continue to contribute to the physical and mental well-being of athletes by monitoring their dietary

supplements, sleeping patterns and fitness schedule. Presently focusing in the effects of ketogenic diets and natural local grown ingredients on athletes and to sustain their performance and body weight.

I choose to focus more on sports nutrition as it plays a vital role on athletes lifestyle during and after their sports career.

Abstract:

Snack bar is a convenient, healthy and portable food which supplies balance nutrients like proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, calories and carbohydrates to abate hunger and a source of energy to athletes. Besides energy, athletes also need electrolytes for fluid homeostasis and balance. The objective of this study is to develop a convenient energy bar containing all the essential nutrients and electrolytes as an affordable, organic, pre-workout energy bar using natural Indian ingredients. It is a wholesome nutritious food for all age group of athletes. Three energy bars are made with common ingredients with difference in sweet additives. The common local ingredients used are dates, coconut powder, banana powder, peanuts, foxtail millets and ghee. The sweet additives in each bar are honey, jaggery and palm sugar. The sensory evaluation pattern was conducted on 15 athletes as untrained panelists checked on color, aroma, flavor, chewiness, saltiness and overall acceptability among the three bars. Nutritional status was analyzed by National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories (NABL) accredited lab, which confirms the nutrients, electrolytes and shell life. Results of each servings of the sports bar of 50 grams made out of the three different sweeteners the panelists found jaggery to be wholesome sport bar, lab results also confirm that jaggery sweetened energy bar is ideal. To conclude, energy bar with natural ingredients gives instant energy to enhance performance of athletes without any preservative supplements which amounts to doping is developed. The chosen ingredients are local grown and the natural additives used in all the three variants give instant energy with convenient shell life also a portable pre and post workout energy bar for athletes. The above can be a healthier and affordable option for commercially processed energy bars.

Figure-1: Nutrient contents of jaggery bar.

Figure-2: Comparison of sensory evaluation of three bars.

References

1. Sobana RM (2014) Quality evaluation of millet based composite sports. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition; 2(4): 65-68.

2. Muhammad Nadeem, Salim-ur-Rehman, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, Mian Anjum Murtaza and Ghulam Mueen-Ud-Din (2012) Development, Characterization and Optimization of Protein Level in Date Bars Using Response Surface Methodology. The Scientific World Journal; 2012(3): 518702.

Biography:

Helen Julia Lavelle has completed her MCSP and MSc. She is an experienced Physiotherapist who has worked in elite sport at the highest level. She has worked in premiership rugby and cricket in the UK before her current role in rowing. She has lectured on many occasions both nationally and internationally and is best known for her work in knee rehabilitation. She recently presented at the MAT fest conference on meniscal allograft transplantation and at the national exhibition centre in Birmingham rehabilitation post ACL reconstruction.

Abstract:

Rib stress fracture is a common injury in rowing affecting 8.1-16.4% of athletes in elite training regimes. Vinther (2005) found that his sample of rowers who had suffered from a rib stress fracture had stronger arm to leg power ratio and concluded that if a greater proportion of the power is created from the arms this would increase rib load. He used isokinetic dynamometry to measure elbow flexion versus leg extension power. This data is accurate and reproducible but dynamometers are expensive as well as few and far between. Reybrouck et al. (1975) measured VO2 max and heart rate to compare exertion between different parts of the stroke legs only, arms only and the full stroke but this is also an expensive and time consuming method of investigating power output. This test protocol proposes an easier and cheaper test solution. The results of this test may help identify rowers at risk of stress fracture and become a training aid to modify technique. A cohort of 48 non elite but experienced rowers was used to collect normative data using the test. None had a history of rib stress fracture. When tested at a slow stroke rate (18 strokes/min) the average arm contribution in men was 27.8% and women 21.85%. Testing at a higher rating (26 strokes/min) average arm contribution for men was 23.2% and for women 18.35 %. The test was then applied to a small sample (9) elite woman. Seven women who had no history of stress fracture averaged from 10% arm contribution for the 18 s/m test and just 7.47% at the higher stroke rating of 26. There were two subjects who in the last season had stress fractures but at the time of testing were healed and asymptomatic. Their results were dramatically higher than their non-injured colleagues. Test retest data was done on a sample of 12 subjects and revealed 1.6% and 1.8% average variance in the percentage arm contribution in the two tests. This new erg test is a cheap easy reliable method to assess arm power contribution whilst rowing on a Concept II ergometer.

Biography:

Marie-Thérèse completed her Masters in Sports Science at the University of Konstanz Germany and is currently pursuing a PhD in her area of interest: Doping in sports. She also holds a degree in Applied European languages from University College Dublin Ireland and Post Graduate Business Studies at the University of Leuven, Belgium. In her senior roles as clinical advisor and trainer in the medical device industry, most notably in the area of sports orthopaedic medicine and sport injuries, she interfaces personally with clinicians to many of the world’s elite athletes.

Abstract:

Use of doping agents amongst elite athletes remains widespread. Anti-doping educational strategies are currently very popular, striving to highlight the health risks involved and to discourage agent abuse. Reported prevalence remains high, indicating weaknesses in the effectiveness and timing of existing educational interventions to at-risk athletes. Education in general is shown to assist in developing defensive mechanisms required for navigating life’s many challenges. The impact of higher education on elite athlete doping behaviours has been rarely considered. 81 Olympic athletes, comprising the top world ranked male cyclists and rowers were researched. Using a mixed methods approach, information on the athletes’ doping history and their levels of education were collected by means of a qualitative questionnaire, official sporting bodies, autobiographies and biographies as well as personal interviews. The results showed that the education of the elite athlete to university level was statistically significantly associated with less doping activity (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.0001). The findings support previous findings on the enduring effects of educational enrichment to third level. The data suggests education to University level is a potential protective factor against doping. This study did not address what specific factors of a university education are critical in forming the decision not to dope. These factors should be investigated further in order to specifically target and exploit these in the prevention of doping.

Biography:

Dr Michael Lee has a wide range of skills and experiences in professional sport. He completed a BSc Sports & Exercise Science from Loughborough University and continued his education by completing a MSc Physiotherapy, MSc Musculoskeletal Medicine & Injection Therapy, MSc Sports Medicine and Doctorate researching the effects of food intolerances with Chronic Low Back Pain. He is also registered as a Certified Strength & Conditioning Coach in the USA and UK. He brings a wealth of experience in his multidisciplinary Sports Medicine Centre in Sheffield and lectures and consults  internationally with sports ranging from Professional Football to Athletics.

Abstract:

Soccer athletes are increasingly required to cope with asymmetrical mechanical workloads that are constantly imposed on the musculoskeletal structures of the lower extremities that can lead to injury (Hagglund et al., 2009). Hamstring strains are the most prevalent muscle injury in sport and account for 29% of all injuries in soccer (Woods et al. 2004). Anecdotally, athletes have increased expectations that the time spent strengthening, stretching and treating the hamstring can prevent reoccurring hamstring strains, however the literature suggests otherwise. Alarmingly, regardless of treatment modality and strict exercise programmes the re-injury figures have not changed in over 28 years (Ekstrand & Gillquist, 1983; Hagglund et al., 2009). These findings suggest that the current hamstring treatment and rehabilitation protocols are not effective and lead to question as healthcare practitioners are we utilising the best evidence base practice for this population? There are several protocols for the management of hamstring strains however an depth review of modalities is warranted.

Biography:

Tiwari Ashutosh has competed BPT from Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India in 2009. He has completed MD in Integrative Medicine from Indian Institute of Alternative Medicine, Kolkata India in 2012. He was trained at F I Hospital Lucknow and Santosh Medical College Ghaziabad. He is a Certified Manual Therapist and Research Fellow in Rural Health in Alternative Medicine. He was a Coauthor of many research papers for international academies. He presented so many research papers in national conferences in India. He is dealing with spine and arthritis patients and has special interest to treat children with disabilities. He founded Indian United Trust for social welfare activities in 2009. He is a well-known person to be engaged in social welfare in the society.

Abstract:

Introduction: Sustenance means “Way or substance to survive and maintaindaily needs to perform daily and responsibilities of our life.”

A drink or food for source of strength and nourishment. It is also called nutrition.Sports nutrition is a method and approach to sustain of a person in sports activity. Sports nutrition is a specialization of within the field of nutrition that partners closely with the study of human body and exercise science [1].

The basic concept for sport nutrition for athletes requires proper eating strategies and need to have a command of general nutrition and as well as exercise science [2]. At the time of field performance an athlete is supposed to be well nourished, fit, focused and ready to compete. Sports nutrition can boost and maintain the required power and stamina for performance so it can avoid the risk doping as anti-doping method.

We included many sports person in our study and effect of proper and planned nutritional elements. This was a satisfactory feeling and output. An athlete always needs to pay attention on WHEN, WHAT, HOW and HOWMUCH they should eat and drink prior and post game. [3]

Design: Cross sectional observational cohort study.

Method: 250 sports person from various sports and athletics activities with different problems observed and examined on systemic, continuous revision and reassessment in period of 3 weeks till 12 weeks protocol (3 Months). We examined them on the basis of following.

1. FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale).
2. P A Scale (Performance Anxiety Scale)

 Fatigue Severity Scale consists of

1. Stamina
2. Strength
3. Performance
4. Biomechanics Symmetry.

We gave each 5 marks to each parameter of FSS it consist of 20 marks in grand total and 10 marks for Performance anxiety Scale total is 30.

N=250 (participants), divided in to two groups as Physical therapy Supported (PTS) N=125 and Physical and Nutrition Therapy Supported (PNTS) N=125.

Result: After 1^st round assessment (after 3 weeks of treatment) we find 30 people, 40 person, and 55 in same condition in PTS group, their mean value of improvement was 6.33. In PNTS group 40, 35, and 50 people in same condition on the basis of assessment protocol. We find mean value for this group 15.33.

In 2^nd assessment after 6week we find mean value of PTS 8, and for PNTS 18. In our 3^rd assessment for both after 9 week we got mean values 9.33 and 19.33 for PTS and PNTS groups.

After 12 weeks treatment and nutrition support when we finally compare both groups we got the mean values 11.66 PTS and 22.33 PNTS group. On percentage basis compare we find 39.68% (40% nearly) better improvement in Physical and Nutrition Therapy Supported (PNTS) group than Physical therapy Supported (PTS) group. PNTS group got relax 75% and improvement in a fixed treatment duration and PTS group 35.32%. The difference score of these groups was 39.60%.

Conclusion: hence it proved the sustenance has a good and enough power of healing, improvement and nurturing the people and their problems. It works like a medicine without any harm and adverse effects. The main role of sports nutrition is to support the training program. Dietary intake for performance will change as the training regime changes.

Poor nutrition can lead to injury, fatigue and poor recovery, all three of which can hider as to how efficiently an athlete performs [4].

It has been widely accepted from a decade sustenance is able to heal and improve the problems and brings people near to goal with improvement of physical and mental health.

Greany and jeukendrup stated that from fueling to recovery muscle building weight and making optimal nutrition ensure the best platform for success in any sport [5, 6].

Biography:

Mahboob ur Rahman is the Founder and Chairman of Habib Physiotherapy Complex, graduated in Physiotherapy from Karachi University, Pakistan. He is also the Founder of Mahboob School of Physiotherapy and was awarded with recommendation by Government of Pakistan by Quaid-e-Azam Gold Medal and King Abdullah Gold Medal. He has also been Member of Pakistan Bait ul Mal Khyber Pakhtunkhawa Province. Currently, he is also elected as the Chairman, Board of Directors and Pakistan Physiotherapy Association. His book Chest Physio for the War Wounded has been published by National Book Foundation, Islamabad.

Abstract:

The major function of rehabilitation and physical medicine specialists is to provide the proper therapy that helps in improving the physical activities of impaired, disabled and handicapped persons through improvement in their muscle strength. In performing their function, the rehabilitation team should always take heed of the social and mental well-being of such patients. Having observed millions of Muslims perform the salat (prayer) regularly at specified times throughout the world, we postulated that salat, along with its various postures, can play a role in increasing psychological well-being including self-reliance and self-esteem, improving musculo-skeletal fitness, motor behaviour and cerebral blood flow that may be beneficial for physical health. The physical activities involved in the performance of salat helps in physical health by improving blood flow and increasing musculoskeletal fitness. The salat prayer involves little effort (standing, bowing, prostration and sitting), has a short duration and is beneficial for physical health.

Moreover salat prayer has psychological, musculoskeletal and cerebral effects on improving the muscular functions in physical health. The physiotherapist of the rehabilitation centre who assists the patient to restore and preserve joint range of motion through mobilization techniques and exercise may take this prayer system as a model for restoring the residual strength of the patient. Salat has special characteristics in that it is a short duration mild-to-moderate psychological, physical and brain activity. Scientific evidence also supports the notion that even moderate intensity activities, when performed daily, can have some long-term health benefits. Salat is like a free hand exercise. This activity is convenient for all kinds of patients, including children, the elderly and physically handicapped, for strengthening their muscles as well as the mind. More studies are needed in future to determine the full beneficial effects of the salat prayer on the rehabilitative process of disabled persons.

INTRODUCTION

The word Salah originates from the Arabic word 'Silah' which means connection i.e. connection with The God. The Islamic definition of Salah is the name given to the formal prayer of Islam. Salah is the second pillar and a fundamental principle of religion Islam and is an important practice which must be performed at fix times and conditions, following a sequence. The pattern of the salat prayer performed by Muslims is similar all over the world. Salah has many postures like Standing (Qiyam), Bowing (Rukoo), Prostration (Sujood) and Sitting during the salutation (Tahayat), all have a strong relationship with spiritual, mental and physical wellbeing. Several reports on the application of prayers in psychotherapy illustrate the positive outcome in the individuals exhibiting psychological symptoms such as tension, anxiety, depression and anti-social tendencies [1]. Study has proven that non-Muslim participants just going through the physical movements of Salah also showed appreciable results from the exercise [2].

The five mandatory salat are spread over various parts of the day in such a way that the devotee is not only in contact with the Creator frequently and receives peace and blessings as his reward but also experiences physical well-being that has now been scientifically confirmed [3,4,5]. During salat, Muslims usually keep their eyes fixed on the site of prostration. This visual fixation together with proprioceptive systems, vestibular systems, and the various postures provide a complex positional sense in the brain stem and cerebellum [6, 7]. Before salat it is compulsory for Muslim to be in ablution. Ablution involves washing of hands, mouth, nose face and feet which is hygienic activity to avoid diseases related to the particular parts of the body (washed) and it also provide positive stimulus for motor and sensory function of those segments [8, 9, 10]. Salah gives exercise to the heart and make one healthy. Regular Salah also has a great impact on resting heart rate. Salah activity makes artery vessels more flexible due to rise and fall of blood circulation result decreases heart diseases [11]. Based upon the literature, Prayer (Namaz) as physical activity, may improves and maintains health thus preventing physical disabilities as joints disorders, wasting of muscles and improvement of general health. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of the prayers in physical ailments.

METHODOLOGY:

This is a questionnaire based descriptive study conducted at the Community by using convenience sampling of 217 healthy male/Female through Habib Physiotherapy Complex, Hayatabad Peshawar - Pakistan in May, 2015. Muslims either male or female age ranging 30 to 75 years were included in the study. The inclusion criteria for the Islamic prayer group were those who regularly performed Islamic prayer as scheduled (5 times per day) during the last 30 years and those who did not regularly practice any particular established religious customs were included in the non-practicing or rare group. Potential subjects were excluded from the study based on the following considerations: obesity, neurological disorders including peripheral neuropathy and major musculoskeletal conditions, such as complicated back, hip and knee pain. Subjects taking medications such as sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants were also excluded. All the protocols were approved by the research ethical committee of Gandhara university Peshawar, Pakistan. Data was analysed through SPSS version 20.

RESULTS:

In this study there were total 217 participants in which 169 were male and 46 female. The ratio of male to female was 4:1. Namaz offer of regular, irregular, rare or no offer were focused and correlated with physical health and disability of the subject. Out of 169 there were 66 candidates who offer namaz regularly bajamat, among them 58 were found to have no disability while 8 participant were found with joint problem.64 participant showed their normal physical health and two walk with support.

Table 1: Overall effect of prayers on Physical health.

Table 2: Percent Effect of prayers on physical health.

DISCUSSION:

During the performance of salat, most of the muscles and joints of the body are involved. This activity is convenient for all kinds of patients, including children, the elderly and physically handicapped, for strengthening their muscles as well as the mind. Our study clearly showed that those people who offered regular namaz they were 91.3 % healthy as compare to those who were offering  irregular 86.4 % and rare or no 86.2 % respectively. The finding of the study is very positive about the salat in context of physical health which is consistent with the studies done by Mohammed Faruque Reza et. al, Safee MM et. Al, Sami Saleh Al Abdul Wahab et.  al and Syed IB [12 – 15].

CONCLUSION:

It can be seen from the above discussion that salat prayer has psychological, musculoskeletal and cerebral effects on improving the muscular functions of disabled patient in a rehabilitation program. The physiotherapist of the rehabilitation centre who assists the patient to restore and preserve joint range of motion through mobilization techniques and exercise may take this prayer system as a model for restoring the residual strength of the patient.

Biography:

Dr. Abhishek Deo has his expertise in Sports performance enhancement and passion in improving the overall standard of sports medicine. He is known to be an early adopter and pioneer in the field of sports. He has handled some of India’s and World’s top most level athletes on numerous occasions and made them achieve the highest goals in their respective field.  Credited with transforming expertise he has a biggest plus of age. He published his first book on conditioning strategies in Badminton followed with right nutrition in 2015. He completed his PhD in Sports Performance enhancement and substituting performance drugs in December 2016. Currently he is teaching and guiding students about Sports Biomechanics, Sports genetics, Sports conditioning etc. in Institute of Global Education.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Sportsmen start working on speed at very late age resulting in more slow twitch muscle fibers and causing lack of speed in their sport. Speed not only during linear acceleration but during rotary movements as well, working on it in before puberty is  one of the biggest plus in any sport which most of the coaches neglect to do in young ages. Thorough analysis in Sports science show that the early you train athlete the better the results, considering their anatomical and physiological changes during puberty. To improve speed of any kind equal attention should be given on neuromuscular system from very young age; as scientifically structured speed exercises allow brain to rehearse the situation eventually adapting to it, which is often neglected. Another ignored area in most of the sports is change of velocity, which is very common in almost all sports where athletes attempt and reach to maximum acceleration from stationery or from partial momentum. No person can be can be naturally perfect for high level speed. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Numerous body types and physiological variations like height, weight and limb length were tested. Various tests for determining muscle fibers were done to check out factors affecting acceleration and speed. Findings: Athletes who had started young were slightly heavier with the musculature and tall helping them to have increased stride length. These athlete were also perfect with their running biomechanics. One of the most important factor in generation of speed from muscle physiology was sensory receptors which gradually starts slowing down the reactive ability if not used early. Several other factors such as genetics also contributed in fast-twitch and slow twitch fiber percentages. Conclusion & Significance: Athletes who start speed training in late age of their puberty cannot contribute much in sport. Recommendations for starting the speed training from early ages have been made which should be carried out with scientific plan and research.